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The Iran-Iraq War

The Iran-Iraq War

The Iran-Iraq War, also known as the Imposed War and Holy Defense in Iran, Saddam's Qadisiyyah in Iraq, and (First) Gulf War, was a war between the armed forces of Iraq and Iran lasting from September 1980 to August 1988. It was initially referred to in the western world as the "Persian Gulf War" prior to the "Gulf War" of 1990 with the invasion of Kuwait by Iraq.

The war began when Iraq invaded Iran, launching a simultaneous invasion by air and land into Iranian territory on September 22nd, 1980, following a long history of border disputes, and fears of Shia insurgency among Iraq's long-suppressed Shia majority influenced by the Iranian Revolution. Iraq was also aiming to replace Iran as the dominant Persian Gulf state. Although Iraq hoped to take advantage of revolutionary chaos in Iran and attacked without formal warning, they made only limited progress into Iran and within several months were repelled by the Iranians who regained virtually all lost territory by June, 1982. For the next six years, Iran was on the offensive. Despite calls for a ceasefire by the United Nations Security Council, hostilities continued until August 20th, 1988. The last prisoners of war were exchanged in 2003.

The war came at a great cost in lives and economic damage - a half a million Iraqi and Iranian soldiers as well as civilians are believed to have died in the war with many more injured and wounded - but brought neither reparations nor change in borders. The conflict is often compared to World War I, in that the tactics used closely mirrored those of World War I, including large scale trench warfare, manned machine-gun posts, bayonet charges, use of barbed wire across trenches, human wave attacks across no-mans land, and extensive use of chemical weapons such as mustard gas against Iranian troops and civilians as well as Iraqi Kurds. At the time, the UN Security Council issued statements that "chemical weapons had been used in the war." However, in these UN statements Iraq was not mentioned by name, so it has been said that "the international community remained silent as Iraq used weapons of mass destruction against Iranian as well as Iraqi Kurds" and it is believed that "United States prevented the UN from condemning Iraq".

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Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force Northrop F-5E Tiger II Fighter - 3-7301, 41st TFS, TFB.4 Vahdati, Iran Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force Northrop F-5E Tiger II Fighter - "3-7301," 41st TFS, TFB.4 Vahdati, Iran (1:72 Scale)

The Northrop F-5A/B Freedom Fighter and F-5E/F Tiger II are part of a family of widely used light supersonic fighter aircraft, designed and built by Northrop in the United States, beginning in the 1960s.

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Iraqi Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21MF Fishbed Fighter - F-14 Killer Iran - Iraq War Iraqi Mikoyan-Gurevich MiG-21MF "Fishbed" Fighter - F-14 Killer "Iran - Iraq War" (1:72 Scale)

The MiG-21 saw frequent action in the Vietnam War and was one of the most advanced aircraft at the time. However, many North Vietnamese aces preferred flying the MiG-17, due to the high wing loading on the MiG-21's. With high wing loading, the MiG-21 was not as agile or manueverable as the MiG-17.

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Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force McDonnell F-4E Phantom II Fighter-Bomber - 32nd TFW, 1986 Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force McDonnell F-4E Phantom II Fighter-Bomber - 32nd Tactical Fighter Wing, 1986 (1:72 Scale)

Known as the "MiG Killer," the F-4 Phantom was an unlikely hero given its unique design. Unlike traditionally smaller and sleeker single-seat fighters, the Phantom broke all the rules. It was huge, had bent wings, and a two-man crew, and was one of the first aircraft to carry missile armament.

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Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force McDonnell F-4D Phantom II Fighter-Bomber - 67-14869/3-6697, 71st Tactical Fighter Squadron, TFB.7, Shiraz AB, Sept 1980 Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force McDonnell F-4D Phantom II Fighter-Bomber - 67-14869/3-6697, 71st Tactical Fighter Squadron, TFB.7, Shiraz AB, Sept 1980 (1:72 Scale)

Known as the "MiG Killer," the F-4 Phantom was an unlikely hero given its unique design. Unlike traditionally smaller and sleeker single-seat fighters, the Phantom broke all the rules. It was huge, had bent wings, and a two-man crew, and was one of the first aircraft to carry missile armament.

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Republic of Iran Air Force McDonnell F-4E Phantom II Fighter-Bomber - 3-6643, 61st Tactical Fighter Squadron, Bushehr International Airport, Iran, 2010 Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force McDonnell F-4E Phantom II Fighter-Bomber - 3-6643, 61st Tactical Fighter Squadron, Bushehr International Airport, Iran, 2010 (1:72 Scale)

Known as the "MiG Killer," the F-4 Phantom was an unlikely hero given its unique design. Unlike traditionally smaller and sleeker single-seat fighters, the Phantom broke all the rules. It was huge, had bent wings, and a two-man crew, and was one of the first aircraft to carry missile armament.

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Iraqi Mikoyan Gurevich MiG-29A 'Fulcrum' Fighter - 29060 "Tornado Killer", Habbanyah Air Base, Iraq, 1990-91 Iraqi Mikoyan Gurevich MiG-29A 'Fulcrum' Fighter - 29060 "Tornado Killer", Habbanyah Air Base, Iraq, 1990-91 (1:72 Scale)

The MiG-29 "Fulcrum" ("Tochka Opori" in Russian) was designed and built to be a single-seat supersonic, all-weather, air superiority fighter representing the latest and perhaps last fighter produced by the Mikoyan Design Bureau. The primary role of the MiG-29 is to destroy air targets at ranges from 60 to 200 kilometers (30 to 110 nautical miles) at all altitudes, on all profiles, in any weather, and under all electronic countermeasures (ECM) conditions.

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Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force Grumman F-14AM "Modernized" Tomcat Fighter - "160347", 2014 Islamic Republic of Iran Air Force Grumman F-14AM "Modernized" Tomcat Fighter - "160347", 2014 (1:72 Scale)

Built for speed and armed with ultra long-range weapons. It's no wonder that the F-14 Tomcat is the main defender of the US fleet. The Tomcat's AWG-9 radar has the ability to engage as many as six targets at once, which is the same number of targets that can be engaged by three F-18 Hornets. Additionally, it's Phoenix air-to-air missiles can kill hostile bombers 90 miles away -- before they can launch their attacks.

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